Earthquakes spread out, so they do less damage the farther they get from the source. Sunlight, for example, can be focused to burn wood. Waves can also be concentrated or spread out. For example, the longer deep-heat ultrasound is applied, the more energy it transfers. The energy effects of a wave depend on time as well as amplitude. In fact, a wave’s energy is directly proportional to its amplitude squared because So, if the same amount of light rays fall on two different surfaces. ![]() While the sun rays hit the poles at an angle, the same amount of sun rays hit the equator regions more directly and in a more concentrated manner. Because work \(W\) is related to force multiplied by distance (\(F_x\)) and energy is put into the wave by the work done to create it, the energy in a wave is related to amplitude. Thus, the sun rays cover a large area due to the tilt and also do not hit all the areas with the same angle and intensity. The larger the displacement \(x\) the larger the force \(F = kx\) needed to create it. More quantitatively, a wave is a displacement that is resisted by a restoring force. Student responses may vary about whether the findings support their hypothesis from question 5. Large ocean breakers churn up the shore more than small ones. reflects less visible light) tend to live around the equator, where UV intensity is highest. Loud sounds have higher pressure amplitudes and come from larger-amplitude source vibrations than soft sounds. ![]() Large-amplitude earthquakes produce large ground displacements. ![]() The amount of energy in a wave is related to its amplitude. (credit: Petty Officer 2nd Class Candice Villarreal, U.S. The Richter scale rating of earthquakes is related to both their amplitude and the energy they carry. \): The destructive effect of an earthquake is palpable evidence of the energy carried in these waves.
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